Селенид меди (CuSe)

Description

Copper selenide CuSe (copper monoselenide) is a binary inorganic compound of copper and selenium, a narrow-gap p-type semiconductor. Belongs to the class of transition metal chalcogenides. In the Cu–Se system, there are several phases of variable composition (CuSe, Cu2Se, Cu2-xSe), differing in stoichiometry and electrical properties.

Basic Attributes

• CAS No.: 1317-41-5
• Chemical formula: CuSe
• English name: Copper selenide (CuSe)
• Molecular weight: 142.51
• Exact weight: 143.85400
• EU number: 215-272-8
• UNII: 5TY4U83X24
• PSA: 0 Ų
• XLogP3: -0.27080
• Synonyms: copper monoselenide, copper (2+) selenide, copper (II) selenide

Physico-chemical characteristics

• Appearance: black crystals/shapes
• Density: 5.99 g/cm³
• Melting point: 550 °C (with decomposition)
• Solubility: soluble in HCl with the release of H2Se; soluble in H2SO4 with the release of SO2, oxidized with nitric acid HNO3 to CuSeO3; soluble in hydrochloric and sulfuric acids; insoluble in water

Safety Information

• Packing level: III
• Hazard category: 6.1(b)
• Transport codes: UN 3288
• Hazard class code: 23/25-33-50/53
• Safety instructions: 20/21-28-45-60-61
• Tags: T (toxic), N (dangerous for the environment)

Class of substance and properties

CuSe is a narrow-gap semiconductor chalcogenide of p-type conductivity with metal-like electrical conductivity in certain phase states. It crystallizes in a layered hexagonal structure, which explains the anisotropy of properties and the tendency to form non-stoichiometric Cu2-xSe phases.

Scope of application

Material of thin-film optoelectronics and thermoelectrics. Copper selenides are considered as an inexpensive alternative to expensive quaternary compounds such as CIGS (copper indium gallium selenide) in thin-film solar cells - a historical cell based on Cu2-xSe with a CdS interlayer showed an efficiency of about 5.4%. Due to the combination of high electrical conductivity and low thermal conductivity of the superionic phase, copper selenides are being studied as thermoelectric materials for direct conversion of heat into electricity. The compound is also used as a precursor in the chemical synthesis of other selenides and nanomaterials.

Storage and transportation

Store in an airtight container, in a cool, dry place, away from acids - upon contact with acids, toxic hydrogen selenide H2Se is released. Transport according to hazard class 6.1(b), UN transport code 3288, packing group III. When working, use respiratory, eye and skin protection; the substance is toxic (label T) and dangerous for aquatic organisms (label N, code 50/53).

Difference from Cu2Se

In the copper-selenium system, CuSe (ratio 1:1) and Cu2Se (ratio 2:1) are phases of different stoichiometry with different physical properties: CuSe melts with decomposition already at 550 °C and is noticeably lighter than Cu2Se (density 5.99 g/cm³ versus 6.84 g/cm³), while Cu2Se is thermally more stable (melts at 1113 °C) and demonstrates more pronounced superionic thermoelectric properties. Both compounds belong to layered copper selenides of variable composition Cu2-xSe and are often considered together as a single family of functional materials.

Receipt and form of delivery

It is synthesized by the interaction of copper or its compounds with selenium or hydrogen selenide under controlled conditions; Available in the form of powder, crystals or formed targets for the deposition of thin films by thermal evaporation, electrochemical or electrophoretic deposition. Purity and dispersion are selected for a specific task - from laboratory studies of thermoelectric properties to industrial application of functional coatings.